General instructions:
Please complete the following assignment corresponding to Part 3 of Instrument Validation by no later than Monday, [Date] at 11pm SAST/12am EAT.
At the end of the assignment we ask you to please note 1) approximately how much time you spent on the homework and how much time you spent reviewing the materials (videos and learning checks) , 2) what questions, if any, you have from the videos and/or any places you might have gotten stuck in the assignment, and 3) provide your feedback on the this week’s content and materials. Thank you once again for your assistance in completing these additional questions!
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Question 1 of 13
1. Question
A psychiatrist devised a short screening test for depression. An independent blind comparison was made with a gold standard for diagnosis of depression among 200 psychiatric outpatients. Among the 50 outpatients found to be depressed according to the gold standard, 35 patients were positive for the test. Among 150 patients found not to be depressed according to the gold standard, 30 patients were found to be positive for the test.
1. Calculate the sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, false negative rate, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.
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Question 2 of 13
2. Question
2. What is the prevalence of depression in this sample of psychiatric outpatients?
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Question 3 of 13
3. Question
3. A general practitioner decides to use the screening test for his patients. The prevalence of depression among his patients is estimated to be 5%. For a patient seen in general practice with a positive test, what is the probability that this patient is a true case of depression? For a patient seen in general practice with a negative test, what is the probability that this patient is a true non-case of depression?
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Question 4 of 13
4. Question
You are planning a study in which one of the two following instruments would be used as a screening measure. For each of the scenarios in Q4-6, choose the best measure and provide an explanation for your decision
- A measure with sensitivity =0.8 and specificity =0.5
- A measure with sensitivity =0.5 and specificity =0.8
4. In this study, if a participant screens positive, they will receive counseling sessions with a psychologist twice per week.
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Question 5 of 13
5. Question
5. In this study, if a participant screens positive, they will receive a somewhat expensive drug that while it helps with depression symptoms – is likely to cause minor side effects.
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Question 6 of 13
6. Question
6. In this study, if a participant screens positive, they will receive a drug that is potentially toxic. Would either of these instruments be adequate for this purpose? If yes, which would you use? If no, how might you incorporate one of these instruments into a broader process to select patients for your intervention? (Note: Toxic interventions are only used for very serious conditions, so both sensitivity and specificity are critical)
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Question 7 of 13
7. Question
Read the paper and answer the following questions:
7. How did the authors assess reliability? Briefly describe the purpose of each analysis and the findings.
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Question 8 of 13
8. Question
8. How did the authors assess validity? Briefly describe the purpose of each analysis and the findings.
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Question 9 of 13
9. Question
How much time did you spend on this homework?
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Question 10 of 13
10. Question
Please include here any questions from the recorded lectures or homework that you would like to be addressed during the lab session.
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Question 11 of 13
11. Question
Your feedback is important to us. So that we can adequately adjust the lecture materials, please answer the questions below relating to each of this week’s topics:
Part 3: Measures of Validity
Was the amount of information presented too little, just right, or too much?
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Question 12 of 13
12. Question
The lecture’s contents were clearly explained.
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Question 13 of 13
13. Question
How was the pace of the lecture?
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